SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>CPython</title>

</head>

CPython

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Cython" title="Cython">Cython</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .metadata.ambox{border-left:10px solid #36c!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#fbfbfb)!important}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .metadata.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424!important;background-color:var(--background-color-destructive-subtle,#fee7e6)!important}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .metadata.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424!important}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .metadata.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500!important}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .metadata.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3!important}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .metadata.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc!important}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .metadata.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1!important}.mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">CPython</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Guido_van_Rossum" title="Guido van Rossum">Guido van Rossum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Python core developers and the Python community, supported by the <a href="Python_Software_Foundation" title="Python Software Foundation">Python Software Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 1994 (1994-01-26)</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">3.13.5<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-2516591e0f919bd389c8e40c9d2488615ba79bae-v20-1">[1]</a>

/ 11 June 2025 (11 June 2025)</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/python/cpython">https://github.com/python/cpython</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data">42 platforms; see <a href="#Distribution">§ Distribution</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Python Programming Language Interpreter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Python_Software_Foundation_License" title="Python Software Foundation License">Python Software Foundation License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.python.org/">www.python.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

CPython is the <a href="Reference_implementation" title="Reference implementation">reference implementation</a> of the <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python programming language</a>. Written in <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and Python, CPython is the default and most widely used implementation of the Python language.

CPython can be defined as both an <a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a> and a <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a> as it compiles Python code into <a href="Bytecode" title="Bytecode">bytecode</a> before interpreting it. It has a <a href="Foreign_function_interface" title="Foreign function interface">foreign function interface</a> with several languages, including C, in which one must explicitly write <a href="Language_binding" title="Language binding">bindings</a> in a language other than Python.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2></div>

A particular feature of CPython is that it makes use of a <a href="Global_interpreter_lock" title="Global interpreter lock">global interpreter lock</a> (GIL) such that for each CPython interpreter <a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">process</a>, only one thread may be processing <a href="Bytecode" title="Bytecode">bytecode</a> at a time.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> This does not mean that there is no point in <a href="Multithreading_(computer_architecture)" title="Multithreading (computer architecture)">multithreading</a>; the most common multithreading scenario is where <a href="Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">threads</a> are mostly waiting on external processes to complete.

This can happen when multiple threads are servicing separate clients. One thread may be waiting for a client to reply, and another may be waiting for a <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a> query to execute, while the third thread is actually processing Python code.

However, the GIL does mean that CPython is not suitable for processes that implement CPU-intensive algorithms in Python code that could potentially be distributed across multiple cores.

In real-world applications, situations where the GIL is a significant bottleneck are quite rare. This is because Python is an inherently slow language and is generally not used for CPU-intensive or time-sensitive operations. Python is typically used at the top level and calls functions in libraries to perform specialized tasks. These libraries are generally not written in Python, and Python code in another thread can be executed while a call to one of these underlying processes takes place. The non-Python library being called to perform the CPU-intensive task is not subject to the GIL and may concurrently execute many threads on multiple processors without restriction.

Concurrency of Python code can only be achieved with separate CPython interpreter processes managed by a <a href="Multitasking_operating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Multitasking operating system">multitasking operating system</a>. This complicates communication between <a href="Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">concurrent Python processes</a>, though the multiprocessing module mitigates this somewhat; it means that applications that really can benefit from concurrent Python-code execution can be implemented with limited <a href="Overhead_(computing)" title="Overhead (computing)">overhead</a>.

The presence of the GIL simplifies the implementation of CPython, and makes it easier to implement multi-threaded applications that do not benefit from concurrent Python code execution. However, without a GIL, multiprocessing apps must make sure all common code is thread safe.

Although many proposals have been made to eliminate the GIL, the general consensus has been that in most cases, the advantages of the GIL outweigh the disadvantages; in the few cases where the GIL is a bottleneck, the application should be built around the multiprocessing structure. To help allow more parallelism, an improvement was released in October 2023 to allow a separate GIL per sub-interpreter in a single Python process and have been described as "threads with opt-in sharing".<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

After several debates, a project was launched in 2023 to propose making the GIL optional from version 3.13 of Python,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> which was released October 7, 2024, in Python 3.13.0.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="History_of_Python" title="History of Python">History of Python</a></div>

In 2009, a <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a> sponsored branch named <a href="Unladen_Swallow" title="Unladen Swallow">Unladen Swallow</a> was created to incorporate a <a href="Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">just-in-time compiler</a> into CPython.<a href="#cite_note-PEP3146-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Development ended in 2011 without it being merged into the main implementation,<a href="#cite_note-retro-10">[10]</a> though some of its code, such as improvements to the cPickle module, made it in.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-PEP3146-8">[8]</a>

In 2021, a "specializing adaptive interpreter" was proposed, which was measured to improve performance by 10-60% by specializing commonly executed instructions displaying apparent <a href="Data_type" title="Data type">type</a> stability into faster, type specific instructions, and which could de-specialize instructions when necessary.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The SAI was first included in Python 3.11, which was measured to be 25% faster on average than Python 3.10 by the "pyperformance" benchmark suite.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>

In 2024, an experimental Just-in-time compiler was merged into CPython’s main development branch. This early JIT sits on top of <a href="LLVM" title="LLVM">LLVM</a>, aiming to speed up hot code paths. At the time of the merge, the compiler was still not included in CPython’s default build configurations and offered roughly equal performance to the SAI; one of the conditions for its full adoption was a performance increase of at least 5%.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> It remains disabled by default, though users can enable it to experiment and see how Python might eventually rival other JIT’d languages.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2></div>

Officially supported tier-1 platforms are <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> for 64-bit Intel using a GCC toolchain, <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> for 64-bit Intel and ARM, and <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> for 32- and 64-bit Intel. Official tier-2 support exists for Linux for 64-bit ARM, wasm32 (<a href="Web_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Assembly">Web Assembly</a>) with WASI runtime support, and Linux for 64-bit Intel using a clang toolchain. Official supported tier-3 systems include 64-bit ARM Windows, 64-bit iOS, <a href="Raspberry_Pi_OS" title="Raspberry Pi OS">Raspberry Pi OS</a> (Linux for armv7 with hard float), Linux for 64-bit PowerPC in little-endian mode, and Linux for <a href="S390x" class="mw-redirect" title="S390x">s390x</a>.

More platforms have working implementations, including:<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;">

<li><a href="Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li>

<li><a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a></li>

<li><a href="Illumos" title="Illumos">illumos</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></li>

<li><a href="NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a></li>

<li><a href="Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a></li>

<dl><dt>Special and embedded</dt>

<ul><li><a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_iOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple iOS">Apple iOS</a> (support for outdated Python 3.6 and 2.7 available)</li>

<li><a href="BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li>

<li><a href="IPodLinux" title="IPodLinux">iPodLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a></li>

<li><a href="GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a></li>

<li><a href="S60_(software_platform)" title="S60 (software platform)">Symbian OS Series60</a></li>

<li><a href="Nokia_770_Internet_Tablet" title="Nokia 770 Internet Tablet">Nokia 770 Internet Tablet</a></li>

<li><a href="Nokia_N800" title="Nokia N800">Nokia N800</a></li>

<li><a href="Nokia_N810" title="Nokia N810">Nokia N810</a></li>

<li><a href="Nokia_N900" title="Nokia N900">Nokia N900</a></li>

<li><a href="Openmoko" title="Openmoko">Openmoko</a></li>

<li><a href="PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a></li>

<li><a href="PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> (FreeBSD)</li>

<li><a href="Psion_(computers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psion (computers)">Psion</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharp_Zaurus" title="Sharp Zaurus">Sharp Zaurus</a></li>

<li><a href="VxWorks" title="VxWorks">VxWorks</a></li></ul></div>

<dl><dt>Other</dt>

<li><a href="Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> and later</li>

PEP 11<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> lists platforms which are not supported in CPython by the <a href="Python_Software_Foundation" title="Python Software Foundation">Python Software Foundation</a>. These platforms can still be supported by external ports. These ports include:

<ul><li><a href="AtheOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AtheOS">AtheOS</a> (unsupported since 2.6)</li>

<li><a href="BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a> (unsupported since 2.6)</li>

<li><a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> (unsupported since 2.0)</li>

<li><a href="IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a> 4 (unsupported since 2.3)</li>

<li><a href="IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a> 5 and later (unsupported since 3.2, 3.7)<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_9" title="Mac OS 9">Mac OS 9</a> (unsupported since 2.4)</li>

<li><a href="MINIX" class="mw-redirect" title="MINIX">MINIX</a> (unsupported since 2.3)</li>

<li><a href="OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a> (unsupported since 3.3)</li>

<li><a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> (unsupported since 3.3)</li>

<li><a href="RISC_OS" title="RISC OS">RISC OS</a> (unsupported since 3.0)</li>

<li>Windows: Generally, Windows versions continue to receive full tier-1 support for as long as they are still covered by Microsoft's extended support lifecycle policy. Once Microsoft's extended support period expires for an older version of Windows, the project will no longer support that version of Windows in the next major (X.Y.0) release of Python. However, bug fix releases (0.0.Z) for each release branch will retain support for all versions of Windows that were supported in the initial X.Y.0 release. Editions of Windows targeting embedded and IoT systems are considered outside the scope of Python's official support policy.

<ul><li><a href="Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> (no official support in any major releases of Python since January 10, 2023)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> (no official support in any major releases of Python since January 14, 2020)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> (unsupported since 3.9)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> (unsupported since 3.5)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> (unsupported since 3.3)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_3.x" title="Windows 3.x">Windows 3.x</a> (unsupported since 2.0)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">Windows 9x</a> (unsupported since 2.6)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_NT4" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows NT4">Windows NT4</a> (unsupported since 2.6)</li></ul></li></ul></div>

External ports not integrated to Python Software Foundation's official version of CPython, with links to its main development site, often include additional modules for platform-specific functionalities, like graphics and sound API for PSP and SMS and camera API for S60. These ports include:

<ul><li><a href="Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a>: AmigaPython<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_i" title="IBM i">IBM i</a>: iSeriesPython<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li>

<li><a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> using <a href="DJGPP" title="DJGPP">DJGPP</a>: PythonD<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li>

<li><a href="MorphOS" title="MorphOS">MorphOS</a>: Python 2 and 3<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li>

<li><a href="PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a>: Stackless Python for PSP<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li>

<li><a href="Symbian_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbian OS">Symbian OS</a>: <a href="Python_for_S60" title="Python for S60">Python for S60</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_CE" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</a>/<a href="Pocket_PC" title="Pocket PC">Pocket PC</a>: Python Windows CE port<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>: Ports of Python 3.x are maintained by VSI<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li></ul></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enterprise_Linux">Enterprise Linux</h3></div>

These Python versions are distributed with currently-supported enterprise Linux distributions.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The support status of Python in the table refers to support from the Python core team, and not from the distribution maintainer.

<caption>Enterprise Linux

</caption>

<th>Distribution version

</th>

<th>Distribution <a href="End-of-life_(product)" class="mw-redirect" title="End-of-life (product)">end-of-life</a>

</th>

<th colspan="2">Python version

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Ubuntu_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (operating system)">Ubuntu</a> 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Ubuntu_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (operating system)">Ubuntu</a> 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="3.8">Supported: 3.8<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1295599781">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .version-legend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:12px}.mw-parser-output .version-legend-vertical{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .version-legend .legend-item,.mw-parser-output .version-legend-vertical .legend-item{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .version-legend .legend-item .swatch,.mw-parser-output .version-legend-vertical .legend-item .swatch{display:inline-block;width:1.25em;height:1.25em;border:1px solid #aaa;margin-top:1px}.mw-parser-output .swatch-unsupported{background-color:#fdb3ab}.mw-parser-output .swatch-maintained{background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .swatch-latest{background-color:#d4f4b4}.mw-parser-output .swatch-preview{background-color:#c1e6f5}.mw-parser-output .swatch-future{background-color:#f2e2fc}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .version-legend .legend-item .swatch,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .version-legend-vertical .legend-item .swatch{border-color:#72777d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .swatch-unsupported{background-color:#421511}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .swatch-maintained{background-color:#433500}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .swatch-latest{background-color:#334423}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .swatch-preview{background-color:#154467}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .swatch-future{background-color:#3C2e69}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .version-legend .legend-item .swatch,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .version-legend-vertical .legend-item .swatch{border-color:#72777d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .swatch-unsupported{background-color:#421511}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .swatch-maintained{background-color:#433500}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .swatch-latest{background-color:#334423}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .swatch-preview{background-color:#154467}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .swatch-future{background-color:#3C2e69}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)

</td>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7<a href="#cite_note-ubuntu-py2-31">[31]</a>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="3.6">Unsupported: 3.6<a href="#cite_note-ubuntu-py3-32">[32]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus)

</td>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7<a href="#cite_note-ubuntu-py2-31">[31]</a>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="3.5">Unsupported: 3.5<a href="#cite_note-ubuntu-py3-32">[32]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> 12

</td>

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="3.11">Supported: 3.11<a href="#cite_note-debian12-34">[34]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> 11

</td>

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="3.9">Supported: 3.9<a href="#cite_note-debian.org-35">[35]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Debian 10

</td>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="3.7">Supported: 3.7<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Debian 9

</td>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="3.5">Unsupported: 3.5<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a> 8

</td>

<td>2029

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="3.6">Unsupported: 3.6

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

</td>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a> 8

</td>

<td>2029-05-31

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="3.6">Unsupported: 3.6

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>CentOS 7

</td>

<td>2024-06-30

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="SuSE_Linux_Enterprise_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="SuSE Linux Enterprise Server">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a> 15

</td>

<td>2031-07-31

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="3.6">Unsupported: 3.6

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

</td>

<td>2027-10-31

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7<a href="#cite_note-DistroWatch:openSUSE-47">[47]</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

</td>

<td>2022-03-31

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.7">Unsupported: 2.7<a href="#cite_note-DistroWatch:openSUSE-47">[47]</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<td colspan="4"><div class="templateVersion l version-legend" style=""><div style="display: none;">Legend:</div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Unsupported</div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Supported</div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Latest version</div><div style="display: none;" class="legend-item">Preview version</div><div style="display: none;" class="legend-item">Future version</div></div>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternatives">Alternatives</h2></div>

CPython is one of several "production-quality" <a href="Python_(programming_language)#Implementations" title="Python (programming language)">Python implementations</a> including: <a href="Jython" title="Jython">Jython</a>, written in <a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> for the <a href="Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a> (JVM); <a href="PyPy" title="PyPy">PyPy</a>, written in <a href="PyPy#RPython" title="PyPy">RPython</a> and translated into C; and <a href="IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a>, written in <a href="C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> for the <a href="Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a>. There are also several experimental implementations.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/releases/tag/v3.13.5">"Release 3.13.5"</a>. 11 June 2025. Retrieved 16 June 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/init.html">"Initialization, Finalization, and Threads"</a>. Python v3.8.3 documentation. Retrieved 2020-06-04.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJake_Edge2023" class="citation web cs1">Jake Edge (August 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/941090/">"A per-interpreter GIL"</a>. LWN. Retrieved 2024-01-13.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0684/">"PEP 684 – A Per-Interpreter GIL | peps.python.org"</a>. Retrieved 2024-01-13.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0703/">"PEP 703 – Making the Global Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython | peps.python.org"</a>. peps.python.org. Retrieved 2023-09-17.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0719/#schedule">"PEP 719 – Python 3.13 Release Schedule | peps.python.org"</a>. peps.python.org. Retrieved 2023-09-17.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3130/">"Python Release Python 3.13.0"</a>. Python.org. Retrieved 2025-03-28.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-PEP3146-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PEP3146_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PEP3146_8-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFWinterYasskinKleckner2010" class="citation web cs1">Winter, Collin; Yasskin, Jeffrey; Kleckner, Reid (2010-03-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-3146/">"PEP 3146 - Merging Unladen Swallow into CPython"</a>. Python.org.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/unladen-swallow/wiki/Release2009Q1">"Unladen Swallow 2009Q1"</a>. unladen-swallow, A faster implementation of Python. Retrieved 19 October 2012.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-retro-10"><a href="#cite_ref-retro_10-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKleckner2011" class="citation web cs1">Kleckner, Reid (26 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qinsb.blogspot.com/2011/03/unladen-swallow-retrospective.html">"Unladen Swallow Retrospective"</a>. QINSB is not a Software Blog (qinsb.blogspot.com).</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugs.python.org/issue9410">"Issue 9410: Add Unladen Swallow's optimizations to Python 3's pickle. - Python tracker"</a>. bugs.python.org. Retrieved 2019-08-08.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMark_Shannon2021" class="citation web cs1">Mark Shannon (April 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0659/">"PEP 659 – Specializing Adaptive Interpreter"</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPablo_Galindo_Salgado" class="citation web cs1">Pablo Galindo Salgado. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.11.html#whatsnew311-pep659">"What's new in Python 3.11 § PEP 659: Specializing Adaptive Interpreter"</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBrandt_BucherSavannah_Ostrowski2024" class="citation web cs1">Brandt Bucher; Savannah Ostrowski (April 11, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0744/">"PEP 744 – JIT Compilation"</a>. Retrieved February 5, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kritimyantra.com/blogs/whats-new-in-python-3-13-3-the-upcoming-3-14-a-beginners-guide">"What's New in Python 3.13.3 & the Upcoming 3.14—A Beginner's Guide"</a>. Retrieved 2025-04-25.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonImplementations">"PythonImplementations"</a>. Retrieved 19 July 2012.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0011/">"PEP 11 -- Removing support for little used platforms"</a>. Python.org. Retrieved 2019-08-08.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2009-February/086111.html">"Irix still supported?"</a>. 14 February 2009.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monkeyhouse.eclipse.co.uk/amiga/python/">"AmigaPython Home Page"</a>. www.monkeyhouse.eclipse.co.uk. Retrieved Feb 20, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iseriespython.com/">"I | Series | Python"</a>. I | Series | Python. Retrieved Feb 20, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caddit.net/pythond/">"PythonD 32bit Python for DOS and Windows"</a>. www.caddit.net. Retrieved Feb 20, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://yellowblue.free.fr/yiki/doku.php/en:dev:python:start">http://yellowblue.free.fr/yiki/doku.php/en:dev:python:start</a> Python 2 and 3

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/archive/p/pspstacklesspython">"Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting"</a>. code.google.com. Retrieved Feb 20, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/pythonce/">"Python Windows CE port"</a>. SourceForge. Jan 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 20, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vmssoftware.com/products/python/">"Python"</a>. VSI. Retrieved 2021-08-31.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220830033136/https://linuxlifecycle.com/">"Support Life Cycles for Enterprise Linux Distributions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linuxlifecycle.com/">the original</a> on 2022-08-30. Retrieved 2017-10-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle">"Ubuntu release cycle"</a>. Ubuntu. Retrieved 2021-01-18.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/news/Python-2-EOL-Ubuntu-20.04">"With Python 2 EOL'ed, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Moves Along With Its Python 2 Removal - Phoronix"</a>. phoronix.com. Retrieved 2020-04-01.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/focal/+package/python3">"Binary package "python3" in ubuntu focal"</a>. Launchpad.net.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/canonical-extends-ubuntu-18.04-lts-linux-support-to-10-years.html">"Ubuntu 18.04 extended to 2028"</a>. ServerWatch.com. 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2019-09-09.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ubuntu-py2-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ubuntu-py2_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ubuntu-py2_31-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/python-defaults">"python-defaults package: Ubuntu"</a>. Canonical Ltd. 2018-06-08. Retrieved 2018-06-08.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ubuntu-py3-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ubuntu-py3_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ubuntu-py3_32-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/python3-defaults">"python3-defaults package: Ubuntu"</a>. Canonical Ltd. 2018-06-08. Retrieved 2018-06-08.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFScience" class="citation web cs1">Science, Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://computing.cs.cmu.edu/news/2020/eol-ubuntu-1604">"Ubuntu 16.04 - End of Life in 2021 - SCS Computing Facilities - Carnegie Mellon University"</a>. computing.cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2021-02-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-debian12-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-debian12_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-debian12_34-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230610">"Debian 12 bookworm released"</a>. debian.org.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-debian.org-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-debian.org_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-debian.org_35-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814210911/https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20210814.en.html">"Debian -- News -- Debian 11 "bullseye" released"</a>. debian.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20210814.en.html">the original</a> on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2022-01-04.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.debian.org/LTS">"LTS - Debian Wiki"</a>. wiki.debian.org. Retrieved 2021-02-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://packages.debian.org/buster/python">"Debian -- Details of package python in buster"</a>. packages.debian.org. Retrieved 2019-09-13.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022155030/https://www.debian.org/News/2019/20190706.en.html">"Debian -- News -- Debian 10 "buster" released"</a>. debian.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.debian.org/News/2019/20190706.en.html">the original</a> on 2021-10-22. Retrieved 2019-08-09.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.debian.org/News/2020/20200709.en.html">"Debian -- News -- Debian 8 Long Term Support reaching end-of-life"</a>. debian.org. Retrieved 2021-02-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=debian">"DistroWatch.com: Debian"</a>. DistroWatch.com. 2017-10-15. Retrieved 2017-10-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://packages.debian.org/stretch/python3">"Debian -- Details of package python3 in stretch"</a>. Retrieved 2017-12-19.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510043548/https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2018/11/14/python-in-rhel-8/">"Python in RHEL 8"</a>. Red Hat Developer Blog. 2018-11-14. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2018/11/14/python-in-rhel-8/">the original</a> on 2019-05-10. Retrieved 2019-05-10.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-43"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/updates/errata">"Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle"</a>. Red Hat Customer Portal. Retrieved 2020-04-01.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=redhat">"DistroWatch.com: Red Hat Enterprise Linux"</a>. DistroWatch.com. 2017-09-07. Retrieved 2017-10-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=centos">"DistroWatch.com: CentOS"</a>. DistroWatch.com. 2017-09-14. Retrieved 2017-10-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suse.com/releasenotes/x86_64/SUSE-SLED/15/index.html#Features.Other">"Release Notes | SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop/SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 GA"</a>. suse.com. Retrieved 2019-08-08.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-DistroWatch:openSUSE-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DistroWatch:openSUSE_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DistroWatch:openSUSE_47-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=opensuse">"DistroWatch.com: openSUSE"</a>. DistroWatch.com. 2017-10-14. Retrieved 2017-10-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMartelli2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Alex_Martelli" title="Alex Martelli">Martelli, Alex</a> (2006). Python in a Nutshell (2nd ed.). <a href="O'Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly</a>. pp. 5–7. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-596-10046-9</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFShaw2021" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Anthony (2021). CPython Internals: Your Guide to the Python 3 Interpreter. Real Python. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781775093343</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/python/cpython">CPython</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Python379" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #3467AC; color: #FCFCFC;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Python379" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFCC55;"><a href="Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">Implementations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CircuitPython" title="CircuitPython">CircuitPython</a></li>

<li><a href="CLPython" title="CLPython">CLPython</a></li>

<li><a href="Cython" title="Cython">Cython</a></li>

<li><a href="MicroPython" title="MicroPython">MicroPython</a></li>

<li><a href="Numba" title="Numba">Numba</a></li>

<li><a href="IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li>

<li><a href="Jython" title="Jython">Jython</a></li>

<li><a href="Psyco" title="Psyco">Psyco</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_for_S60" title="Python for S60">Python for S60</a></li>

<li><a href="Stackless_Python" title="Stackless Python">Stackless Python</a></li>

<li><a href="Unladen_Swallow" title="Unladen Swallow">Unladen Swallow</a></li>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFCC55;"><a href="Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDEs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Ninja-IDE" title="Ninja-IDE">Ninja-IDE</a></li>

<li><a href="PyCharm" title="PyCharm">PyCharm</a></li>

<li><a href="PyDev" title="PyDev">PyDev</a></li>

<li><a href="Spyder_(software)" title="Spyder (software)">Spyder</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFCC55;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFCC55;"><a href="Software_development" title="Software development">Designer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Guido_van_Rossum" title="Guido van Rossum">Guido van Rossum</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background: #FFCC55;"><div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Python_software" title="List of Python software">Software</a> (list)</li>

<li><a href="Python_Software_Foundation" title="Python Software Foundation">Python Software Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_Conference" title="Python Conference">Python Conference</a> (PyCon)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-22" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=CPython&oldid=1302003094">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>